coding theory Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes and their respective fitness for specific applications. Codes are used for data compression, cryptography, error detection and correction, data transmission and data storage. Codes are stud ...

, puncturing is the process of removing some of the parity bits after encoding with an

error-correction code In computing, telecommunication, information theory, and coding theory, an error correction code, sometimes error correcting code, (ECC) is used for error control, controlling errors in data over unreliable or noisy communication channels. The ce ...

. This has the same effect as encoding with an error-correction code with a higher rate, or less redundancy. However, with puncturing the same decoder can be used regardless of how many bits have been punctured, thus puncturing considerably increases the flexibility of the system without significantly increasing its complexity. Punct

In some cases, a pre-defined pattern of puncturing is used in an encoder. Then, the inverse operation, known as depuncturing, is implemented by the decoder. Puncturing is used in

UMTS The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third generation mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard. Developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), UMTS is a component of the Inte ...

during the rate matching process. It is also used in

Wi-Fi Wi-Fi () is a family of wireless network protocols, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio wave ...

, Wi-SUN,

GPRS General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile data standard on the 2G and 3G cellular communication network's global system for mobile communications (GSM). GPRS was established by European Telecommunications Standards Insti ...

EDGE Edge or EDGE may refer to: Technology Computing * Edge computing, a network load-balancing system * Edge device, an entry point to a computer network * Adobe Edge, a graphical development application * Microsoft Edge, a web browser developed by ...

DVB-T DVB-T, short for Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial, is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television that was first published in 1997 and first broadcast in Singapore in Febr ...

and DAB, as well as in the

DRM DRM may refer to: Government, military and politics * Defense reform movement, U.S. campaign inspired by Col. John Boyd * Democratic Republic of Madagascar, a former socialist state (1975–1992) on Madagascar * Direction du renseignement milita ...

Standards. Puncturing is often used with the

Viterbi algorithm The Viterbi algorithm is a dynamic programming algorithm for obtaining the maximum a posteriori probability estimate of the most likely sequence of hidden states—called the Viterbi path—that results in a sequence of observed events, especiall ...

in coding systems. During

Radio Resource Control The Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol is used in UMTS, LTE and 5G on the Air interface. It is a layer 3 (Network Layer) protocol used between UE and Base Station. This protocol is specified by 3GPP in TS 25.331 for UMTS, in TS 36.331 for L ...

(RRC) Connection set procedure, during sending NBAP radio link setup message the uplink puncturing limit will send to NODE B, along with U/L spreading factor & U/L scrambling code. Chris Johnson
"Radio Access Networks for UMTS: Principles and Practice"
2011. Puncturing was introduced by

Gustave Solomon Gustave Solomon (October 27, 1930 – January 31, 1996) was an American mathematician and electrical engineer who was one of the founders of the algebraic theory of error detection and correction. Career Solomon completed his Ph.D. in mathema ...

and J. J. Stiffler in 1964.

References

* Coding theory {{Telecomm-stub

See also

References